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China and India face considerable scope for cooperation in the field of AI: Indian venture capital veteran_我的网站

A |     　　随着对雄激素性秃发发病机制认识的不断深入，临床治疗这一毛发疾病的思路也正在不断升级和补充，“局部问题局部治疗”观点在逐渐成型。　　近日，在上海第二届皮肤健康发展大会暨杨国亮皮肤病学大会暨中国医药教育协会皮肤与健康教育专业委员会学术年会上，有专门从事皮肤毛发类疾病的专家学者发表了明确观点：AGA(即雄激素性秃发)的治疗应从传统治疗转向精准靶向外用治疗。    

    The view of Kolkata, India Photo: VCG
China and India have considerable scope for cooperation in the field of artificial intelligence (AI), as their AI capabilities are complementary in many respects, a senior Indian investor told the Global Times in an exclusive interview.
There is considerable scope for AI cooperation in areas that address common global challenges, including healthcare, education, agriculture, climate resilience, industrial productivity and scientific research, always within the policy frameworks established by the respective governments and international perspectives on responsible and secure AI, Mahendra Swarup, founder of VG Capital and former president of the Indian Venture and Alternate Capital Association, told the Global Times on Wednesday.
AI is likely to become one of the defining technologies of this century. India's strengths lie in software development, engineering talent, digital public infrastructure and entrepreneurial innovation. China has developed significant capabilities in AI applications, hardware, manufacturing and large-scale deployment. "These capabilities are complementary in many respects," Swarup said.
The veteran on the front line of India's venture capital investment sector made the remarks amid improving bilateral ties and a certain level of liberalization of Chinese investments in India.
Chinese investors have historically contributed to the growth of several successful Indian companies, especially start-ups. While investment activity has been moderated by regulatory developments over the past few years, there has always been underlying interest in the Indian market because of its long-term fundamentals, Swarup said.
"If the recent improvement in bilateral relations leads to greater regulatory clarity and business confidence, the Chinese investors will once again evaluate opportunities in India, although the general sentiment is one of cautious optimism," said Swarup.
Amid positive momentum in bilateral relations, Swarup noted rising opportunities for entrepreneurs from the two countries to engage in practical cooperation.
There are several areas where entrepreneurs from India and China could potentially complement each other's strengths, subject to the regulatory frameworks of different sectors in both countries, the investor said, highlighting areas including healthcare technologies, clean energy, electric mobility, advanced manufacturing, climate technologies, industrial automation, logistics and supply-chain innovation.
    Mahendra Swarup Photo: Chu Daye/GT
"In whichever sector the complementary strengths of both China and India can be brought together responsibly, they can create value not only for both countries but also for global markets," said Swarup.
India has recently shown signs of easing some long-standing restrictions on trade and investment with China, with Chinese experts saying that the move reflects the country's growing recognition of China's importance to its economic development, and a desire to create a more favorable environment for improving bilateral ties.
There has been a gradual policy adjustment, including easing restrictions on foreign direct investment (FDI) in e-commerce, allowing FDI from companies with Chinese ownership, The Hindu reported on August 1.
With India set to host a BRICS summit this year, Swarup also said that Indian and Chinese companies can work together to promote the interests of developing countries.
India and China are both major economies with significant experience in addressing the challenges of development at scale. Although each country has followed its own development path, there are areas where companies from both nations can contribute meaningfully to broader development across Asia, Africa and other emerging markets, Swarup noted.
There is considerable potential for collaboration in affordable healthcare, digital financial inclusion, renewable energy, agricultural technologies, education technology, infrastructure, supply-chain development and support for small and medium-sized enterprises. These are areas where scalable and affordable solutions can have a significant impact on improving livelihoods, the veteran said.
Partnerships that combine technology, entrepreneurship and long-term investment can help create solutions that are both commercially sustainable and socially impactful. "As two of the largest economies in the Global South, India and China have the opportunity to contribute positively to sustainable development through innovation, responsible investment and constructive commercial engagement," Swarup said.
。　　医学界对雄激素性秃发患者头皮毛囊局部的雄激素代谢与作用机制的认识不断提高，近年来，外用非那雄胺等局部治疗手段进入临床，为雄激素性秃发患者提供了新的治疗选择。　　雄激素性秃发是临床最常见的非瘢痕性脱发类型之一，其典型表现包括发际线后移、头顶部毛发逐渐稀疏以及毛发直径不断变细等。

B | 　　长期以来，“雄激素性秃发”这一名称容易让公众产生一种直观理解——脱发是否意味着人体内雄激素水平过高？毛发医学专家在会上表示，在临床实际中，多数雄激素性秃发患者的血液睾酮或双氢睾酮水平并没有明显升高。　　相关医生介绍，雄激素性秃发的发生至少涉及几个不同层面：一是极少部分患者存在全身雄激素水平异常；二是毛囊局部的睾酮在5α-还原酶作用下转化为双氢睾酮(DHT)；三是部分患者的毛囊本身对雄激素更加敏感。　　其中，后两种情况在临床中更为常见。　　“毛囊不仅仅是长出头发的结构，它本身具有局部代谢、自我生长和自我调节能力。”现场参会发言的重庆医科大学附属第二医院皮肤科主任医师赵恒光解释说，睾酮可以在毛囊局部经过5α-还原酶转化为活性更强的双氢睾酮，后者持续作用于敏感毛囊后，会推动毛囊逐渐发生“微小化”。　　所谓毛囊微小化，是指原本能够生长粗壮终毛的毛囊逐渐缩小，生成的毛发越来越细、越来越短，最终甚至失去正常生发能力。因此，雄激素性秃发并不是突然发生的疾病，而是一个逐步进展的过程。

C | 　　这一认识也改变着临床治疗的思路。“如果导致毛囊微小化的重要环节主要发生在头皮局部，那么治疗能不能也更靶向头皮局部？”这一问题，正在成为近年来雄激素性秃发治疗方案调整的一个重要方向。　　根据大会相关医生分享及现场《中国医学护肤临床洞察2026头皮毛发健康》第17页“常见毛发问题及全周期管理”等资料显示，随着药物递送和制剂技术的发展，非那雄胺不仅有传统口服制剂，更是进一步拓展至外用非那雄胺喷雾剂，其基本治疗逻辑依然是抑制5α-还原酶，减少睾酮向双氢睾酮的转化，但给药方式由全身系统性用药进一步延伸到靶向头皮局部用药。　　现场参会医生认为，这一变化并不只是简单的“片剂变喷雾”，背后反映的是皮肤科治疗逐渐走向精准化和局部化的趋势。　　由于毛发和头皮位于人体体表，具有天然的局部给药条件。

D | 理想的局部治疗，是使药物尽可能在头皮及毛囊周围形成有效作用浓度，同时减少不必要的全身暴露。　　专家援引国内外临床研究表示，外用非那雄胺能够降低头皮局部双氢睾酮水平，并改善部分雄激素性秃发患者的毛发生长情况，且对全身激素水平的影响相对较小，这也使一些过去因为担忧系统性不良反应、不能耐受口服治疗，或者具有局部重点治疗需求的患者，多了一种治疗选择。　　不过，与会专家同时强调，局部治疗并不意味着传统治疗方式将被简单替代。　　目前雄激素性秃发的治疗仍强调个体化管理。根据患者年龄、脱发程度、病程、既往治疗效果以及对药物的耐受情况，医生可以在米诺地尔、口服或外用5α-还原酶抑制剂以及其他治疗手段之间进行选择或联合使用。　　“不是有了新的治疗方法，过去的方法就失去价值。”赵恒光表示，临床治疗真正关注的，是在疗效和安全性之间找到更好的平衡，并为不同患者提供更多可选择的治疗路径。　　现场讲座医生还特别提醒，外用非那雄胺属于经过专门制剂技术设计的药物，并不是将口服非那雄胺片剂碾碎、溶解后就可以自行制成外用药。药物能否稳定溶解、穿透头皮并在毛囊部位形成有效浓度，都涉及特定制剂和药物递送技术，患者不应自行配制使用。　　与此同时，“早识别、早干预、长期管理”仍是雄激素性秃发治疗的重要原则。　　由于雄激素对易感毛囊的影响具有持续性，随着病程延长，毛囊可能从粗壮逐渐变细，并最终出现难以逆转的萎缩。因此，专家建议，如果出现发际线明显后移、头顶毛发持续变稀、毛发越来越细等表现，应尽早前往正规医疗机构的皮肤科或毛发专科进行诊断，而不宜仅依靠洗护产品或自行用药长期观察。　　从“降低全身雄激素影响”到更加关注“毛囊局部发生了什么”，雄激素性秃发治疗理念的这一变化，也是近年来精准医学在皮肤科领域不断深入的缩影。　　专家认为，未来随着毛囊生物学、局部药物递送技术以及长期真实世界研究不断积累，雄激素性秃发治疗可能进一步走向个体化：针对不同发病机制、不同脱发部位和不同患者需求，选择更加精准的治疗方式。　　对于患者而言，这种变化的意义或许并不在于出现了某一种“更好的药”，而在于医生手中的治疗工具越来越丰富——在疗效之外，安全性、长期依从性、个体差异和患者需求，正被放在越来越重要的位置。

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